Characteristics of the High Current Tungsten Arc in Argon, Helium, and Their Mixtures

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Abstract
An experimental study was made of the properties of the high current dc electric arc in argon, helium, and their mixtures at atmospheric pressure. Tungsten‐rod electrodes were used over a current range from 10 to 100 amperes. Measurements of the voltage‐current and the voltage‐electrode separation characteristics were made along with the plasma voltage gradients in both the pure gases and in the mixtures. It was found that this type of arc was very stable when the system was free from oxide impurities and that the cathodic processes played a major role in the arc mechanism. The results obtained suggest that the value of the anode voltage drop for the inert gas arc over the current range studied is negligibly small. At the higher currents or with smaller diameter cathodes, tungsten was able to evaporate from the cathode in sufficient quantities to influence the character of the discharge. It was observed that the properties of the arc in mixtures of gases were in between the properties observed in the pure gases. The lower ionization potential gas, argon, had more effect on the properties of the arc in mixtures than did helium. As long as there was at least 15 percent argon present in the mixture, the arc properties and appearance were more like those observed in argon than in helium.