Heat Exchange and Thermal Insulation Compared in Woolen and Nylon Garments During Wear Trials

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Abstract
Heat exchange and thermal insulation were determined in four subjects during 120 minutes exposure (60 minutes exercise and 60 minutes rest) at +8°C in a climatic chamber. Two types of garment assemblies were investigated, each comprising a jacket, trousers, socks, mittens, and a hat of identical construction made of wool and nylon. Mean skin and rectal temperatures were significantly higher at rest in wet woolen garments compared to wet nylon garments. No significant difference was obtained in heat exchange and thermal insulation of garments when wool was compared to nylon during walking, running, and resting in wet and dry clothing, respectively. Overall thermal insulation ( Rc) was significantly lower by 15% in wet clothing compared to dry clothing at rest. Rc was significantly reduced by 30-40% during walking and by 50-60% during running in comparison with resting in dry clothing. Reduction was partly explained by reduced insulation of surface air layer, but predominantly by ventilation of clothing due to the pumping effect.