Growth and morphological changes induced by lithium chloride treatment of HL-60 cells

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Abstract
HL-60 cells were grown in culture and their proliferative behaviour and response to lithium were studied. Treatment of cells with lithium concentrations of up to 5mM enhanced cell proliferation, however above 5mM lithium, cell growth was inhibited. Cell viability remained above 90% with concentrations of lithium below 10mM. With increasing concentrations of lithium cell death increased rapidly to about 70% after 3 days at 50mM. DNA synthesis was also strongly inhibited by concentrations of lithium above 5mM. At 50mM lithium, [3H]-thymidine incorporation was 1%. Electron microscopy seems to indicate that the plasma membrane is the main target for lithium cytotoxicity, whilst lithium uptake studies suggest that cytotoxicity might be related to the accumulation of lithium within the cells.

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