Emerging targets in the AKT pathway for treatment of androgen-independent prostatic adenocarcinoma

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Abstract
Prostatic adenocarcinoma (CaP) is the most common, non-cutaneous malignancy and the second-leading cause of cancer death in men. The disease has two distinct phases: the androgen-dependent phase, which can be treated effectively with androgen ablation therapies, and the androgen-independent phase, for which there is no effective life-prolonging therapy. An estimated 32,000 men will die this year from androgen-independent, metastatic CaP. Efforts to understand the metastatic progression of CaP and the emergence of androgen-independent disease have begun to illuminate the molecular events involved. Recent work suggests that CaP progression to androgen-independent, metastatic disease involves a dampened apoptotic response, a release from the cell cycle block that initially follows androgen withdrawal and a shift from dependence on paracrine-derived growth and survival factors to autonomous production of these key proteins. Functional loss of the tumour suppressor phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on c...