Seizures induced by carbachol, morphine, and leucine‐enkephalin: A comparison

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Abstract
The electrical, behavioral, and pharmacological properties of seizures induced by morphine, leucine‐enkephalin, and the muscarinic cholinergic agonist carbachol were examined and compared. Low‐dose carbachol given intracerebroventricularly (ICV) produced seizures similar electrically to those produced by ICV morphine and leucineenkephalin, although there was some difference in site of subcortical origin of onset. Carbachol and morphine were similar in that they had the same anticonvulsant profile, produced similar behavioral changes, caused generalized absence seizures in low doses and generalized convulsive seizures in high doses, and were capable of chemical kindling. However, opiate‐induced seizures were not overcome by cholinergic antagonists, nor were carbachol seizures blocked by opiate antagonists. These data suggest that there may be a common noncholinergic, nonopiatergic system involved in mediating carbachol‐ and morphine‐induced seizures but not enkephalin seizures.