INFLUENCE OF DIETARY OMEGA‐6, ‐3 FATTY ACID SOURCES ON THE INITIATION AND PROMOTION STAGES OF PHOTOCARCINOGENESIS

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Abstract
To determine the segment along the carcinogenic continuum at which dietary lipid exerts its principal effect, six groups of 35 Skh-HR-1 hairless mice were placed on defined isocaloric diets containing either 0.75%, 12% corn oil or 12% menhaden oil as sources of omega-6 or omega-3 fatty acids, respectively. All animals received an 11 week course of UV-radiation from fluorescent sunlamps. Upon termination of UV, diets of some groups were crossed-over to either low fat, high fat, omega-6 or omega-3 fatty acid sources. The first tumor appeared at week 14. Life-table analysis of the tumor incidence curves and Wilcoxon tests of tumor multiplicity provided evidence that high corn oil diets significantly (P < 0.01) enhance carcinogenic expression; that tumor enhancement by the omega-6 fatty acid source occurs during the post-initiation, or promotion, stage; that replacement with a low corn oil diet after UV-initiation will negate the exacerbating effect of high corn oil; and that an omega-3 fatty acid source inhibits UV-carcinogenesis even at high dietary levels, although not during the post-initiation stage.