Monthly Antibiotic Chemoprophylaxis and Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV-1 Infection in Kenyan Sex Workers

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Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are important cofactors in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)/AIDS pandemic. In HIV-infected individuals, not only may symptomatic and asymptomatic STIs enhance sexual transmission of HIV-1 by increasing virus shedding from the genital tract,1-3 but at the same time HIV-1 infection itself increases susceptibility to STIs.4 There is also considerable evidence that STIs may increase HIV-1 susceptibility in uninfected individuals,5,6 although differentiating cause from effect is more difficult in this situation.7