Prediction of economic time-series by means of the Kalman filter†

Abstract
The principal objective of this paper is to indicate the use of the well-known Kalman filter as a technique for prediction of time-series and its similarities to optimal adaptive forecasting. It is shown that for a single time-series consisting of trend and trend-change and stochastic disturbances, the filter gives predictions identical to those of Thoil-Nerlove-Wage who in 1964 developed optimal adaptive forecasting for such a series. A numerical example illustrates the use of the filter and verifies the analytical results.

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