Embryolike structures from cotyledons and ripe embryos of Norway spruce (Piceaabies)

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Abstract
Embryos from imbibed riped seeds and cotyledon explants of 7-day-old Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) seedlings produced the early stages of somatic embryogenesis. Using a modified Murashige and Skoog medium, a whitish, glossy callus was induced consisting of translucent cells embedded in a mucilaginous cloudy matrix. This embryogenic callus formed on the surface of explants treated first with N-6-benzyladenine followed by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid + 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) + N-6-benzyladenine. Transfer of this callus to media lacking growth regulators resulted in the formation of numerous bipolar embryoids with suspensorlike structures. These embryoids strongly resembled repressed embryos in polyembryonic seeds.
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