Between Crisis Management and Social Movements: The Place of Institutional Reform

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Abstract
Although the proletariat has been bidden adieu, the specter of Marxian class theory still haunts the Left. Yet the unity of theoretical self-certainty and revolutionary self-confidence (Habermas' formulation) inspiring Marxism has broken down — for historical and theoretical reasons. Changes in the relation between state and society and in the map of stratification of contemporary capitalism, the survival capacity of the capitalist system, and the emergence of new social movements, are some of the historical developments undermining the original theory. But the theoretical weaknesses of the Marxian synthesis are even more telling, for they raise problems that all critical social theory, Marxist or other, must confront.

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