Genetical polymorphism of acc synthase and ACC oxidase in Apple selections bred in Cacak

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Abstract
The work on breeding new apple cultivars, of improved quality and longer storage life has been going on for a long time at the Fruit and Grape Research Centre in Cacak. As a result nine promising apple selections, that show the range of fruit storage capability (J/l/7, J/l/20, J/2/12, J/2/14, J/ll/31, J/54/53/59, J/60/7/63, Sumatovka 1 O.P. and Sumatovka 2 O.P.), were singled out. Fruit ripening is genetically programmed, complex physiological process with the important role of plant hormone ethylene. Allelic polymorphism of the genes encoding ACC synthase and ACC oxidase, enzymes on ethylene biosynthetic pathway, was studied in promising apple selections and compared to their storage life. Polymorphism was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR method) and restriction analysis with 6 restriction enzymes. Two alleles of the gene encoding ACC synthase (ACS1-1 and ACS1-2), three alleles of the ACC oxidase gene (a, b and n) were identified and a positive test for early seedling selection, the fruits of which will be characterized by long storage life, was indicated.