The Pathology of Intra-Uterine Contraceptive Devices

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Abstract
The composition and structure of intra-uterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) has changed over the years and thus data relating to women in the 1970s or early 1980s is almost certainly inapplicable to current users. Further, large-scale population studies of users, which are assumed to be objective, may be affected by bias because not all women are viewed as being equally suitable candidates for the device. Thus a degree of preselection has occurred even before we begin to examine the consequences, to the individual, of wearing an IUCD.