Homozygosity for human leucocyte antigen‐C ligands of KIR2DL1 is associated with increased risk of relapse after human leucocyte antigen‐C‐matched unrelated donor haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

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Abstract
Summary: Human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐C molecules regulate the function of natural killer cells and may be subdivided into two groups, C(1) and C(2), based on their specificity for inhibitory killer immunoglobulin‐like receptors. We analysed the impact of the HLA‐C genotype on outcome of HLA‐C‐matched unrelated donor haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (URD‐HSCT) recipients. HLA‐C(2) homozygous patients (n = 18) had lower probability of overall survival (P = 0·01) and disease‐free survival (P = 0·02), resulting from increased relapse rate (P = 0·02) when compared with both HLA‐C(1) homozygous (n = 43) and HLA‐C(1),C(2) heterozygous (n = 50) subgroups. Patients lacking HLA‐C(1) should, therefore, be considered at increased risk of relapse following HLA‐C‐matched URD‐HSCT.