The Role of Sevoflurane in Outpatient Anesthesia

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Abstract
Sevoflurane appears to have several properties that make it an attractive alternative to the currently available anesthetics for outpatient anesthesia. The relative low solubility of sevoflurane, as well as an impressive lack of airway irritation, makes it a very useful anesthetic for inhalation induction of anesthesia. This feature is likely to make sevoflurane a population choice for pediatric outpatient anesthesia. For adult outpatients, the relatively low solubility of sevoflurane permits rapid alterations in alveolar concentration during the maintenance period (even when administered at relatively low flow rates of 2-3 L/min), thereby improving control of the depth of anesthesia. Low solubility should also allow for a more predictable emergence from anesthesia (versus isoflurane), thereby facilitating patient turnover in a busy ambulatory surgery center. The commercial development of sevoflurane has been slow because of concerns regarding the potential toxicity of its metabolites and breakdown products (24). However, the large body of clinical experience from Japan and the worldwide Phase II and III clinical development programs suggests that these concerns may be unfounded. The short duration of exposure in the outpatient setting should further decrease the risk of nephrotoxicity. The relatively low solubility of sevoflurane will facilitate its use with total gas flow rates of 2-3 L/min. In the final analysis, clinicians will have to balance the cost of sevoflurane (versus halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and desflurane) against its potential advantages in the ambulatory surgery population. Although the search for anesthetics that are more ideally suited for use in the outpatient setting will continue, sevoflurane clearly represents a step in the right direction (3).