Evidence-based prevention: increasing the efficiency of HIV intervention trials.

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Abstract
Perhaps the most hopeful recent development in the fight against HIV/AIDS is the commitment to make effective antiretroviral treatments available in resourcepoor, high-prevalence regions. There are, unquestionably, major challenges in implementing these programs, not the least of which is the fact that individuals who do receive treatment will need such drugs for the remainder of their lifetimes. Of more importance, however, is the fact that, although treatment will undoubtedly reduce virus loads and, thus, infectivity [1], it is not sufficient to effectively stem the epidemic. Each year, millions of additional individuals become infected and, thus, a significant proportion become eligible for treatment. To reduce the current incidence of 14,000 new cases of HIV infection/day [2], prevention efforts must at least expand to keep pace with expanded treatment programs. With limited resources and no time to spare, the question is how best to craft prevention strategies.

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