The Properties of Electrolytes as Related to Their Constitution

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Abstract
By taking into account specific as well as distributed interaction between ions due to Coulomb forces, a general theory of electrolytes results which accounts for the properties of electrolytic solutions in all solvents whatever the value of their dielectric constant. The influence of specific interaction is the greater, the lower the dielectric constant of the solvent medium. Due to specific interaction, ions associate to ion‐pairs and to more complex neutral aggregates as well as to “triple” ions and more complex charged aggregates. The results of experiment are quantitatively accounted for at lower concentrations and qualitatively at higher concentrations. Specific ionic interaction effects depend upon the size, shape, and charge distribution of the ions. In solvents of low dielectric constant, the constitutional factors come to light. The conductance, freezing point and molecular polarization of electrolytes in solution are considered.

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