Circadian Rhythms in the Urinary Excretion of Cyclic 3′,5′-Adenosine Monophosphate (Cyclic AMP) and Cyclic 3′,5′-Guanosine Monophosphate (Cyclic GMP) in Human Subjects

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Abstract
Significant circadian rhythms in urinary excretion of cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, creatinine, 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and inorganic phosphorus were demonstrated in three normal subjects (two males and one post-menopausal female) who collected serial 4-h specimens for periods of 33, 22, and 14 days, respectively. Peak excretion of the above substances occurred, respectively, at approximately 1500–1700, 2300–0200, 1700–1800, 1100–1300, and 1800–2200 h. The estimated amplitudes of the rhythms expressed as a percentage of the mean 4-h excretion rate were 12–13%, 9–31%, 9–15%, 30– 78% and 22–26%, respectively. With the possible exception of cyclic GMP, all of the observed rhythms appeared to be sinusoidal, with normal periods of 24 h. The rhythms in both cyclic AMP and creatinine excretion, but not in the remaining substances may be explained largely in terms of the known rhythm in glomerular filtration rate. The factors responsible for the rhythm in cyclic GMP excretion are unknown.

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