The mixotope: a combinatorial peptide library as a T cell and B cell immunogen

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Abstract
We report a new approach in peptide vaccine strategy based on combinatorial synthesis. A library of 7.5 × 105 related peptides, termed mixotope, was derived from the sequence of the third hypervariable domain (V3 loop) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope protein. This preparation induced a strong immune response in all syngeneic and outbred rodents tested. The response directed against the mixotope included antibodies, CD4+ T helper cells (TH1 and TH2) and CD8+ T cells. In rodents immunized with the mixotope, the T cell response directed against individual V3 peptide sequences (BRU, MN, RF, SF2, and ELI) as measured by T cell proliferation and interleukin (IL)-2 production, was found to be major histocompatibility complex haplotype-dependent. However, additional experiments performed in mice indicated that selectivity was less restrictive when using IL-3 secretion to explore T cell activation. This combinatorial antigen could be considered as a series of agretopic motifs framing a multiplicity of closely related epitopes for T cell recognition and able to elicit a T cell and B cell repertoire. This new construct may therefore provide a basis for the design of future vaccine strategies.