Partial doubly differential cross sections for multiple ionization of argon, krypton, and xenon atoms by electron impact

Partial doubly differential cross sections for multiple ionization $d^2$ ${\sigma }^{\left(n\right)}$/dE dΩ of argon, krypton, and xenon by electron impact have been measured as a function of incident electron energy and ejected electron energy, for argon up to ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{4+}$, for krypton up to ${\mathrm{Kr}}^{5+}$, and for xenon up to ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{8+}$. Incident electron energies between 0.5 and 10 keV were used, while the electrons ejected at an angle of 90° to the incident electron direction were detected with energies between 20 and 270 eV. The doubly differential cross section (sum of partial doubly differential cross sections) for ionization for each gas has been compared with experimental data in the literature.