Deaths From Childhood Leukemia and Solid Tumors Among Twins and Other Sibs in the United States, 1960–67

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Abstract
A previously reported 5-year nationwide survey of death certificates to ascertain cancer mortality during childhood in sibs was extended by 3 years. The number of presumably identical sets of twins who died of leukemia early in life increased from 5–7 pairs, maintaining the concordance rate at about 17%. Among sibs other than twins, brain tumor was found in 8 pairs versus 0.9 expected. There were also 8 families versus 0.9 expected in which 1 child died of brain tumor and another died of cancer of bone or muscle. In 2 families, 1 child had adrenocortical carcinoma and another had rhabdomyosarcoma, a combination which appeared to represent part of a familial cancer syndrome. Each of 3 children with lymphoma and 1 with lymphocytic leukemia had sibs with carcinoma of the colon. In 1 of these families the affected children were known to have polyposis of the colon, and 2 other first-degree relatives had died of sarcoma. This array suggested still another familial cancer syndrome. The extended series also revealed new pairs of sibs with Wilms' tumor, lymphoma, and neuroblastoma (in male twins).

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