Abstract
Non-linear, normal mode initialization schemes are studied in a low order β-plane, shallow water model. In this model, Machenhauer's initialization scheme may diverge both due to linear advective terms and non-linear effects. Using more general methods to find non-linearily balanced states, convergence may be obtained and several possible balanced states can be found for a given meteorological field. Also, the effect of linearizing the model around a non-zero mean state and applying Machenhauer's method is investigated. Convergence is then more rapid and time integrations show an increased smoothness of the time evolution. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.1984.tb00258.x

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