General Synthesis and Properties of 1-Monosubstituted Xanthines

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Abstract
A general convenient synthesis of 1-monosubstituted xanthines (7H-imidazo[4,5-dlpyrimidine-2,6(1H,3H)-diones), starting from 3-substituted 6-aminouracils, is described. After conversion of the 6-aminouracils to the corresponding 5,6-diaminouracils, reaction with formic acid, or with triethyl orthoformate, leads to the novel xanthines in good to excellent yields, while ring closure in alkaline medium, which is commonly used in xanthine synthesis, is not successful.

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