Sites of Recurrence and Long-Term Results of Redo Surgery

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Abstract
The authors determined whether carotid endarterectomy in patients with recurrent stenosis could provide durable stroke prevention with acceptable perioperative risk. Balloon angioplasty and stenting are being advocated for recurrent stenosis because of the presumption that reoperation is unsafe with poor results. The authors retrospectively reviewed their experience with 67 patients undergoing 74 operations for recurrent stenosis in a recent 11-year period. This represented 8.4% of 883 endarterectomies performed during the same period. At original operation, 55% had primary closure and 45% were patched. Reoperation was performed for amaurosis fugax and transient ischemic attack (45%), post-stroke (7%), global ischemia (10%), and asymptomatic severe occlusive disease (35%). Four patients (6%) undergoing simultaneous cardiac procedures were excluded from further analysis. Mean duration between primary and first redo operation was 78 months (range, 1-240 months). The 30-day combined mortality and stroke morbidity was 2.8%, evenly divided with 1.4% stroke and 1.4% mortality rates. Recurrent disease occurred predominantly (69%) in the previous endarterectomy site. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 162 months (mean, 48.2). Seventeen deaths occurred, of which 10 (59%) were cardiac. Two late ipsilateral neurologic events and four late contralateral events occurred. Two patients required third ipsilateral reoperation. Life-table analysis shows the ipsilateral stroke-free rate at 5 years to be 93.6%. Recurrent stenosis occurs either proximal to or in the previous endarterectomy site in the majority of patients. Recurrent stenosis can be treated surgically with low morbidity and mortality and durable long-term stroke prevention. The presumption that results of redo carotid surgery are poor is disproved.