Dipolar fluid in an external field: Dielectric properties in the bulk

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Abstract
The dielectric properties of a system of rigid dipolar particles in the presence of an external electric field are investigated. A general expression in terms of microscopic correlations is obtained for the dielectric susceptibility of the fluid expressed as the ratio of polarization to Maxwell field, in the low-field limit, via the use of the orientational one-particle density function. The expression is found to be identical to one recently derived from the two-particle density function in a field-free system of the same particles. Use of the method is extended to a consideration of several approximations which incorporate nonlinear effects. In particular, results for dielectric saturation and electrostriction effect are derived and compared with other theories.