The sensitive and reactive gut

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Abstract
Increased excitability of dorsal horn neurons receiving afferent input from the viscera provides a model which can explain both lowered visceral perception thresholds, and altered reflex responses which have been reported in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Spinal hyperexcitability and associated visceral hyperalgesia can result from chemical, inflammatory or mechanical irritation of the gut, or via descending bulbospinal pathways.

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