Shoot and root initiationin vitroin the apple rootstock M.9 and the promotive effects of phloroglucinol

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Abstract
The multiplication rate of shoot cultures varied between 2- and 4.5-fold per month depending on auxin :cytokinin concentrations; 1–2 mg l−1 BAP and 0.1–0.5 mg l−1 IBA were most favourable although the auxin could be omitted without adversely affecting the multiplication rate. Phloroglucinol (PG) at 162 mg 1 had no effect per se on the shoot multiplication rate but shoot cultures grown in the presence of the compound gave higher rooting percentages than cultures grown in its absence. Rooting was not related to shoot length between 1.0 and 3.5 cm, or to the number of leaves per shoot. Phloroglucinol acted as an auxin synergist in root initiation over a range of concentrations from 16.2 to 1620 mg 1—: The most favourable combinations for root development were 3 mg l−1 IBA and 1620 mg l−1 PG. The rooting pattern of two lines of M.9 started at different dates were maintained over several subcultures.

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