Wintering Concentrations and Seasonal Shifts in Range in the Rio Grande Turkey

Abstract
Turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) were studied in three winter concentration areas of 5,120 acres, 5,760 acres, and 12,582 acres in Sutton County, Texas, during 1960-63. Peak populations were as high as one bird to 8.5 acres, 8.2 acres, and 17.9 acres on the concentration areas in 1961. Over a 3-year period in late February and early March 310 turkeys from wintering concentration areas were banded with aluminum leg bands to which colored flashers were attached. Fifty-three records of banded birds were obtained after they had dispersed to summer range. Movements ranged from 3.5 miles to 26 miles and averaged 10.9 miles. Turkeys returned to the wintering areas where they had been marked. Normally, no intermingling was noted between wintering areas. In one instance, turkeys left the traditional roosting areas, supposedly in response to predation, but returned after predators were controlled. All land on the Edwards Plateau is privately owned, and landlords control access for hunting purposes. During the November 16-December 31 hunting season, when turkeys were concentrated on wintering areas, turkey hunting was controlled by only a few landowners. This system results in underharvesting, and it is suggested that a spring gobbler season be considered. In the spring the birds were found over an area of approximately 400,000 acres. Thus, during a spring hunting season more landowners would control access to them. In addition, in years of high population hens could be made legal game during the fall season without damage to the population. Hopefully, these changes would result in a higher kill and provide more equitable distribution of access to the turkey population by licensed hunters.