Renal Nerves: Are They Essential?

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Abstract
The intrinsic innervation of the human kidney has been investigated for over 100 years. Until recently there has been no agreement concerning the distribution of these nerves. Studies using classic silver impregnation technics have shown, in addition to the nerve fibers of intrarenal blood vessels, what appeared to be nerve fibers innervating the nephrons of the kidney. Modern histochemical technics that allow differentiation of adrenergic from cholinergic nerves have demonstrated that both adrenergic and cholinergic nerves innervate the renal arteries and their branches. In addition, the major renal veins have been found to have a sparse adrenergic innervation. A cholinergic . . .

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