Delay of muscle vasodilation to changes in work rate (treadmill grade) during locomotion

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Abstract
Previous studies examining the delay to the onset of vasodilation have primarily focused on the onset of exercise, a setting complicated by the fact that the muscle pump and the vasodilator systems are both activated, making it difficult to attribute changes in blood flow to one or both. The goal here was to determine the delay to the onset of vasodilation after changes in work rate imposed by changes in treadmill grade (work intensity) during locomotion at a steady speed. The rationale was that constant speed would help ensure constant muscle pump activity (contraction frequency) such that vasodilator responses could be examined in isolation. Seven Sprague-Dawley rats underwent three trials each in which treadmill incline was suddenly (∼1 s) elevated from −10° to +10°. The delay to the onset of vasodilation averaged 5.0 ± 1.8 s, and this delay was not altered by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase. Similar or longer delays were seen during sinusoidal exercise. Thus there is a significant delay before the onset of vasodilation after an increase in work intensity (muscle force) during locomotory exercise at constant speed.

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