Post[kidney]-transplantation pancreatitis in humans occurs with a frequency of about 3% and carries a mortality of 70%. An average of 216 days following transplantation elapses before the onset of pancreatitis and tends to occur most frequently in men in the 4th decade of life. A multiplicity of factors which predispose to pancreatitis are present in the post-transplant period and may be responsible for the frequency and lethality of post-transplant pancreatitis. Among these factors are immunosuppressive therapy, consisting of azathioprine and steroids, secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased susceptibility to infection.