Efficacy of Orally Administered Difloxacin for the Treatment of Furunculosis in Atlantic Salmon Held in Seawater

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Abstract
Fluoroquinolones, such as difloxacin, have potential utility as therapeutants for bacterial diseases of farmed fish. Based on the previously determined bioavailability of difloxacin in seawater, this study was performed to determine the dose efficacy cf difloxacin for treating furunculosis of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in seawater. A strain of the causative bacterium, Aeromonas salmonicida, sensitive to difloxacin was used. In two drug efficacy trials, each fish was challenged with an intramuscular injection of 300 pathogenic bacteria based on an injection model developed for these studies. Treatment groups, consisting of fish receiving different orally administered doses of difloxacin, untreated but pathogen-injected fish, and fish medicated with another fluoroquinolone (flumequine) were replicated four times. In the first trial, the cumulative mortalities of fish treated daily with difloxacin doses of 10.0 mg/kg, 5.0 mg/kg, and 2.5 mg/kg for 5 d were significantly lower than the mortality (38%...

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