CO2 dialysis in nucleus tractus solitarius region of rat increases ventilation in sleep and wakefulness

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Abstract
To evaluate the function of widely distributed central chemoreceptors during sleep and wakefulness in the rat, we focally stimulate single chemoreceptor sites during naturally occurring sleep-wake cycles by microdialysis of artificial cerebrospinal fluid equilibrated with 25% CO2. In retrotrapezoid nucleus, this increased ventilation (tidal volume) by 24% only in wakefulness (Li A, Randall M, and Nattie E. J Appl Physiol 87: 910–919, 1999). In caudal medullary raphé, it increased ventilation (frequency) by 15–20% only in sleep (Nattie EE and Li A. J Appl Physiol 90: 1247–1257, 2001). Here, in nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), focal acidification significantly increased ventilation by 11% in sleep and 7% in wakefulness rostrally ( n = 5) and by 16% in sleep and 28% in wakefulness caudally ( n = 5). The sleep-wake cycle was unaltered. Dialysis with 5% CO2 had no effect. Dialysis with 50% CO2 caudally did not further stimulate ventilation but did disrupt sleep. Central chemoreceptors in the NTS affect breathing in both sleep and wakefulness. The threshold for arousal in caudal NTS is greater than that for the stimulation of breathing.