Hepatocellular carcinoma secondary to cholecystectomy: a one in a million chance

Abstract
Cholecystectomy is a common procedure and its complications are well documented. A 63‐year‐old female sustained a bile duct injury during cholecystectomy requiring choledochoduodenostomy. She subsequently developed secondary biliary cirrhosis and ultimately required orthotopic liver transplantation. A focus of hepatocellular carcinoma was discovered within her liver. This case represents the first documented case of hepatocellular carcinoma as a late complication of cholecystectomy. The risk of this occurring can be estimated at 1:1,140,000 (range 1:11,000 to 1:120,000,000).