cis–trans Equilibrium in meta-chlorophenyl aldehydes, ethers, ketones, and carboxylic esters from dipole moment studies

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Abstract
Comparison of dipole moments of meta-chloro-, para-chloro-, and 3,5-dichloro-substituted compounds with parents enable the calculation of group dipole directions, of interaction moments, and of cis–trans conformational equilibria in the meta-substituted derivatives.