Familial cerebrovascular accidents due to concomitant hyperhomocysteinemia and protein C deficiency type 1.

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Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia and protein C deficiency are risk factors for thromboembolism. Hyperhomocysteinemia has been reported to inhibit the expression of thrombomodulin and to inactivate both thrombomodulin and protein C irreversibly, leading to decreased protein C activity. In a 16-year-old girl, who developed a sinus sagittalis thrombosis, and in her father, who experienced a transient ischemic attack, both hyperhomocysteinemia and protein C deficiency type 1 were present. Protein C deficiency alone was found in one of the two sisters, who was without any clinical vascular history. In this family with independently inherited hyperhomocysteinemia and protein C deficiency, clinical cerebrovascular disease occurred only in those members with a combination of both risk factors, suggesting a synergistic interaction between these thrombogenic risk factors.