A new gene affecting the time of flowering and maturity in soybeans

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Abstract
Segregation for late maturity was noted in a fifth backcross (Harosoy6 × Pl 80.837) made to transfer Pd1 (dense pubescence) to the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar ‘Harosoy’. Selected progenies in both the F4 and F5 segregated 1 early:3 late (Independently of Pd1), indicating that a single locus for late maturity had been identified. L64–4830 (a uniformly late BC5 F4 plant progeny with normal pubescence) was selected for further testing. The F2 of L64–4830 × Harosoy also showed segregation for a single allele for lateness, and the frequency distribution indicated that the heterozygote was intermediate in maturity but closer to the late homozygotes. Testcrosses of L64–4830 were made to Harosoy maturity-allele isolines that have single maturity-allele substitutions of E1, E2, and e3. The results indicated that the unknown allele was not at any of these loci. The untested allele e4 conditions photoperiod insensitivity to artificially extended photoperiods, and earliness. Since both Harosoy and L64–4830 are photoperiod sensitive, they presumably have the E4 allele. Thus, the designations E5 for the allele in L64–4830 and e5 for the allele in Harosoy are proposed for the new gene pair. ‘Clark’ is the other important background for maturity-gene isolines and, since it differs from Harosoy only in having E2 instead of e2, it also must have the e5 allele.

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