The Mixmaster Universe is Chaotic
- 10 February 1997
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Physical Society (APS) in Physical Review Letters
- Vol. 78 (6) , 998-1001
- https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.78.998
Abstract
For the past decade there has been a considerable debate about the existence of chaos in the mixmaster cosmological model. The debate has been hampered by the coordinate, or observer, dependence of standard chaotic indicators such as Lyapunov exponents. Here we use coordinate-independent, fractal methods to show the mixmaster universe is indeed chaotic.Keywords
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