Force feedback surface force apparatus: Principles of operation

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Abstract
The principles of operation of a force feedback surface force apparatus are described. A magnetic force transducer and a bimorph displacement sensor are connected in a servo loop. The dynamic behavior of the system is analyzed and the effect of eddy currents on the frequency response of the magnetic field is discussed. The apparatus has several advantages over more traditional force measuring techniques. Cantilever instability associated with the measurement of attractive forces is reduced and the apparatus may be used for hydrodynamic measurements. A resonance technique for measuring the spring constant is also described.