The Larval and Pupal Anatomy ofStenomalus micansOl. (Pteromalidae), a Chalcid Endoparasite of the Gout-fly of Barley (Chlorops taeniopus Meig.), with some Details of the Life History of the Summer Generation

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Abstract
1. Two species of endoparasites, a ChalcidStenomalus micansand a BraconidCoelineus niger, were found in every sample of “gouted” barley examined from a number of counties in southern England.2.Chloropsinfestations were severe in 1928 in many districts, and the majority of the “gouted” shoots were of winter-type damage, of which 68 percent. were parasitised, two-thirds byS. micans.3. The larval anatomy ofS. micansis described:(a) There are five larval instars, each of which is described.(b) The first larval instar appears to be partly predaceous.(c) The larvae can be kept alive for 5 days on the surface of normal physiological saline solution and moulting occurs, which enables the instar to be determined with certainty.(d) The tracheal system is devoid of spiracles until the fourth larval instar; spiracles then develop and are connected to the former rudimentary stigmatic trunks prior to the death of the host.(e) The fourth instar larva develops a cephalic boring armature which is used for breaking up the internal organs of the host and also to bore an exit hole through the latter's body wall.4. The pupa ofS. micansis described and sex differences are indicated.