Further Observations on the Inner Structure of the X-chromosome of Podisma sapporense (Orthoptera)

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Abstract
The structure of the X-chromosome at first meta-phase of the grasshopper, P. sapporense,described in this paper was based on preparations obtained by the combined water-pretreatment and paraffin method. The number of gyres in the chromonema of the X-chromosome was found to be 5.5 exclusive of the kinetochore region. The direction of coiling was indefinite, and reversal of coiling was rarely observed. The X-chromosome at first metaphase consists of two chromatids each of which is made up of two half-chromatids. Internally the X-chromosome comprises four chromonemata in its fundamental structure, and each one of the four chromonemata corresponds to a half-chromatid. The kinetochore was found located at one end of each chromatid; it was observed as a tiny oblong or sometimes dumbbell-shaped body which connects with the chromonema by a fine thread. The distal end of the X-chromosome is internally characterized by carrying a tiny compact granule which is similar to the kinetochore in appearance.

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