The Recognition of Interference Fringes Appearing in Electron Micrographs of Ultrathin Sections

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Abstract
Interference fringes appear in micrographs of ultrathin sections taken by varying the focal distance of the objective lens of the electron microscope. It is demonstrated that a membrane which is single in an exactly focused image shows a triple-layered structure closely resembling the unit membrane in a out-of-focus image, due to the presence of interference fringes. This “false” unit membrane may easily be mistaken for a “true” unit membrane. A “false” unit membrane can be distinguished from a “true” one by observing carefully the appearance of granules seen in the embedding material. When interference fringes are present, the originally sharp and distinct granules appear to be indistinct and surrounded by a faint halo.

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