The information available on the prevalence of blindness in Australia is examined in an attempt to estimate the number of blind people in New South Wales. Records of the causes of blindness made at the Royal Blind Society''s Low Vision Clinic are then examined to estimate their relative significance. There are at least 7000 blind people, out of a total population of 5,145,900. Macular pathology contributes 37.2 and 81.5% of those affected are over 60 yr old. Diabetes is responsible for .apprx. 10%. Genetically determined disease causes 25% between ages 16-60 yr. If blindness is to be prevented, a more detailed analysis of causes will be needed. This could be obtained by examination and coding of the records for Disability (Blind) Pensions at the Department of Social Security (Australia). Blindness in Aborigines is not discussed.