Ocular manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

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Abstract
Ocular manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome may be seen in up to 75 of patients. A wide range of ocular pathology occurs in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. Most common are cotton-wool spots, retinal hemorrhages, cytomegalovirus retinitis, and ocular Kaposi's sarcoma, followed much less frequently by herpes zoster ophthalmicus, retinal toxoplasmosis, cryptococcus infections, and herpes simplex retinitis. Rare posterior segment choroidal manifestations include Pneumocystis carinii choroiditis, atypical mycobacterial choroiditis, and Histoplasma capsulatum chorioretinitis. Other manifestations include Roth spots, papilledema, perivasculitis, and optic nerve affection by cytomegalovirus and cryptococcus infection. Rare anterior segment manifestations include molluscum contagiosum lid lesions, keratitis sicca, and fungal and herpetic corneal ulcers. In light of the high incidence of ocular lesions in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients, and the improving ability to treat infections and neoplastic lesions, it is essential that ophthalmologists be thoroughly familiar with the ocular lesions seen in these patients.

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