Bioavailability of modified‐release methylphenidate: influence of high‐fat breakfast when administered intact and when capsule content sprinkled on applesauce

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Abstract
Ritalin®, an immediate release form of racemic methylphenidate hydrochloride, has been available in the USA since 1955 and is used for the treatment of ADHD. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of modified‐release methylphenidate (highest single dose), Ritalin® LA, when administered under fasting condition, with a high‐fat breakfast, and when sprinkled on applesauce in healthy adult subjects. Blood samples were drawn for 24 h following a 40 mg oral administration. Most subjects appeared to produce a bimodal methylphenidate plasma concentration profile. In all three treatment groups, methylphenidate was rapidly absorbed with an initial average tmax(0–4) of 1.3–2.4 h and an average peak plasma concentration [Cmax(abs)] of 14.4–15.2 ng/ml. On average, both the rate [Cmax(abs) and tmax(abs)] and the extent of absorption (AUC0–∞) of methylphenidate were similar when the capsule was given with a high fat breakfast and when the capsule contents were sprinkled onto applesauce, compared with the fasting state. No dose dumping was observed when the capsule was given with a high fat breakfast or when sprinkled onto applesauce. The dose was safe and generally well tolerated. Coadministration of a single oral dose of 40 mg methylphenidate capsule whether administered intact with a high‐fat breakfast or sprinkled on applesauce did not affect the overall rate or extent of absorption of methylphenidate compared with the fasted condition. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.