Palynology and Depositional Environment of the Río Ignao Nonglacial Deposit, Province of Valdivia, Chile

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Abstract
In south-central Chile, the Río Ignao nonglacial deposit with a minimal radiocarbon age of 56,000 +2000, −1700 yr shows the following sequence of pollen assemblages, starting with the oldest: Gramineae (zone 1), Gramineae-Corynabutilon-Lomatia-Ovidia (zone 2), Nothofagus-Embothrium-Gramineae (zone 3A), Nothofagus-Gramineae-Tubuliflorae (zone 3B and D), and Nothofagus-Drimys-Myrtaceae (zone 3A). This sequence implies an initial dry and rather cold climate that later became wetter and somewhat warmer, reached a warm peak, and ultimately became colder and drier. At the warmest time, the Andean tree line is estimated to have been about 900 m lower and average January (summer) temperature about 3–4°C colder than at present. The Río Ignao deposit is believed to represent an early interstade of the last glaciation, known in southern Chile as the Llanquihue Glaciation.