Exacerbation of the inflammatory response toMycobacterium tuberculosisafter antiretroviral therapy

Abstract
A patient with HIV infection was successfully treated for pulmonary tuberculosis, but pulmonary inflammation and lymphadenitis worsened dramatically after subsequent combination antiretroviral therapy. As this relapse coincided with development of a strong delayed‐type hypersensitivity response to tuberculin and improved after treatment with the anti‐inflammatory agent oxpentifylline, it was probably caused by restoration of pathogen‐specific cellular immunity.