CS redundancy and secondary punishment.

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Abstract
Rats received conditioning involving 2 CSs [conditional stimulus] and electric shock. Two groups received the sequence: S1, S2, shock on all trials. For these groups, S1 was an informative predictor of shock, while S2 was redundant. 2 other groups received, in addition, S1 alone on some trials. For these groups, S1 was unreliable and S2 was reliable. A control group received the CSs and shock unpaired. When Ss subsequently received these CSs contingent upon bar pressing for food, all experimental CSs were stronger suppressors than the control CSs. The informative CS was stronger than the redundant CS and the unreliable CS. Implications of these findings for the generalizability of the Egger and Miller information hypotheses are discussed.

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