Ozonation of Colored Groundwater Pilot-Scale and Full-Scale Experiences

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Abstract
Two different sources of highly colored groundwater in Southern California, USA, were evaluated to determine the effects of ozone and ozone-hydrogen peroxide oxidation on the water quality of treated groundwater. The water quality objectives were based on color reduction, trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) reduction, and microbiological stability and regrowth potential of ozonated water in the distribution system, as indicated by the measurement of assimilable organic carbon (AOC). Ozone alone provided better color removal than ozone-hydrogen peroxide oxidation. Even though little overall decreases in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and THMFP were achieved, a great removal in ultraviolet (UV) absorbance was observed. Ozone oxidation substantially affected the biological stability of treated water as evidenced by the increase in AOC levels. A good correlation was found between AOC and some experimental parameters.