Abstract
How you respond to a vaccine is influenced by the infections and immunisations you have had in the past, and the vaccine you are given today will influence your future response to immunisation with other vaccines and your future response to infections — including infections with unrelated (heterologous) organisms.1 , – , 6 Heterologous immunity has been studied by research groups based at the Australian National University,1 the University of Massachusetts Medical School2 4 5 and Imperial College London.6 Some of the mechanisms are now understood, and the phenomenon is widely recognised by immunologists. However, the importance of infection history is still overlooked in most medical models of infectious disease and in most vaccination studies.6 7

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