Effect of Steam Distillate Extracts of Resistant and Susceptible Rice Cultivars on Behavior of Sogatella furcifera (Homoptera: Delphacidae)

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Abstract
Rice plant volatiles extracted as steam distillates significantly affected the behavior of Sogatella furcifera (Horvath). Odors of extracts of susceptible ‘Taichung Native 1’ (‘TN1’) and moderately susceptible ‘Podiwi A8’ rice attracted S. furcifera females, whereas the odor of highly resistant ‘IR2035-117-3’ plants repelled them. The odor of moderately resistant ‘N22’ extract neither attracted nor repelled the insect. ‘IR2035-117-3’ extract was more toxic to first instars and newly emerged females than extract of susceptible ‘TN1’ plants. Ingestion and assimilation of food by females were reduced on ‘TN1’ plants treated with ‘IR20S5-117-3’ or ‘Podiwi A8’ extract compared with that on plants treated with acetone or ‘TN1’ extract. Electronically recorded waveforms indicated reduced S. furcifera feeding on ‘IR2035-117-3’ extract-treated ‘TN1’ plants. However, application of ‘TN1’ extract on resistant ‘IR2035-117-3’ plants did not increase feeding or assimilation. Intake of a 10% sucrose solution, offered in para film sachets, was not affected by addition of extract of susceptible or resistant plants. Reproductively mature females treated topically with ‘IR2035-117-3’ extract (1μg extract per female) stopped emitting mating signals and failed to mate with normal, responsive males.